The coal measures consist of massive sandstone with small carbonaceous shale bands generally immediately above or below the coal seams. The sandstone contains numerous carbonaceous streaks and some small mudstone partings. The maximum thickness of the coal measures in the Mangakara Valley is 260 feet, which decreases rapidly to the northeast with the thinning of the Mokau Series. Three main coal seams occur, varying in thickness from 6 inches to 7 feet. Below the coal measures, the Lower Mokau sandstone forms high bluffs which rise steeply from the valley floors.